3:2 Restoration will include the judgment of Israel’s enemies (“all the nations”) for their injustices against God’s people and land.

Valley of Jehoshaphat. This place is identified as the “valley of decision” in v. 14. Its name is symbolic, the location unknown.

scattered . . . divided. Following deportation of the people, the land was redistributed to others. The particular historical event referred to here is not clear. The deportations of 722, 701, 598, and 586 b.c., or even smaller deportations involving border wars (e.g., Amos 1:9, 10) are possibilities.