19:11 Zoan. Also known as Tanis, this was a city in the Nile Delta (Num. 13:22; Ps. 78:12, 43) and Egypt’s capital at the time.

foolish. God turns the wisdom of the wise into folly.

counselors . . . stupid counsel. See note 11:2.

son of the wise, a son of ancient kings. This sarcastic remark taunts Egypt’s claim to wisdom (cf. 1 Kin. 4:29–31).