ESV Reformation Study Bible – 1 Sam 13:4
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1 Sam 13:4

13:4 Gilgal. Saul responds to the crisis precipitated by Jonathan (v. 3), gathering the people at Gilgal in accordance with Samuel’s instructions (10:8). Gilgal’s situation in the Jordan Valley near Jericho placed it outside immediate Philistine control, making it a strategic site for a general muster. Gilgal had figured prominently in Israel’s earlier history (Josh. 4:19, 20; 5:10; 9:6; 10:6–15, 43; 1 Sam. 7:16; 11:14).