3:1 bloody city. The phrase emphasizes the merciless cruelty openly boasted by the Assyrians in their official records.

lies. Deceitful diplomacy characterized their international dealings (Is. 36:16, 17).

plunder. See 2:12, 13. Friendly negotiations serve as a cover for rapacious behavior. In their insatiable lust for more they constantly move from one victim to another.