ESV Reformation Study Bible – Matt 5:22
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Matt 5:22

5:22 You fool. Apparently Jewish law had sanctions against the specific insult Raca, but Jesus shows that any verbal abuse makes one liable to eternal damnation.

hell. This is Gehenna, the “valley of Hinnom,” a trash dump outside Jerusalem where fires burned constantly. It was notorious as the location of human sacrifices by fire during the reigns of Ahaz and Manasseh (2 Chr. 28:3; 33:6). Jeremiah called it the “Valley of Slaughter” a symbol of God’s fearful judgment (Jer. 7:32). See “Hell” at Mark 9:43.