1:16 judgments. Judgment is a work of God, in relation to His covenant people (11:2), in which He implements the curses of the covenant (Deut. 28:15–68).

forsaking me . . . other gods. Judah’s basic sin is apostasy; the central issue in the book is faithfulness to God.

made offerings. See note 11:13.

works of their own hands. Ironic polemic (Is. 46:6).