2:18 I will make for them a covenant. Taking up the same theme in a later time, Jeremiah explains the covenant as entailing a new heart (Jer. 31:31–34).

with the beasts. The future kingdom is secure and peaceful, free from the threat of wild animals (Is. 11:6–9) and invasions (Ps. 46:9; Is. 2:4; Mic. 4:3). Wild animals were a threat, particularly after invading armies ravaged the land. The language may be figurative for a transformed humanity, with the resulting peace and security attending the renewal inaugurated by Christ at His First Advent and completed at His return.