13:2 metal images . . . idols . . . calves. The collective picture is of small statues of calves molded of bronze and overlaid with silver (Ex. 32:4, 8; 34:17; Lev. 19:4; Deut. 19:16). The calf idol was Canaanite and linked with Baal worship, but the idolaters probably also associated it in their own minds with the Lord (8:5, 6; 10:5 and notes).

kiss. This was an act of devotion, adoration, or appeasement (1 Kin. 19:18).