David and Goliath

17 Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war and assembled^(A) at Sokoh in Judah. They pitched camp at Ephes Dammim, between Sokoh^(B) and Azekah.^{(C) 2} Saul and the Israelites assembled and camped in the Valley of Elah^(D) and drew up their battle line to meet the Philistines. ³ The Philistines occupied one hill and the Israelites another, with the valley between them.

⁴ A champion named Goliath,^(E) who was from Gath, came out of the Philistine camp. His height was six cubits and a span.^{[a] 5} He had a bronze helmet on his head and wore a coat of scale armor of bronze weighing five thousand shekels^[b]; ⁶ on his legs he wore bronze greaves, and a bronze javelin^(F) was slung on his back. ⁷ His spear shaft was like a weaver’s rod,^(G) and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels.^[c] His shield bearer^(H) went ahead of him.

⁸ Goliath stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, “Why do you come out and line up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose^(I) a man and have him come down to me. ⁹ If he is able to fight and kill me, we will become your subjects; but if I overcome him and kill him, you will become our subjects and serve us.” ¹⁰ Then the Philistine said, “This day I defy^(J) the armies of Israel! Give me a man and let us fight each other.^(K)” ¹¹ On hearing the Philistine’s words, Saul and all the Israelites were dismayed and terrified.

¹² Now David was the son of an Ephrathite^(L) named Jesse,^(M) who was from Bethlehem^(N) in Judah. Jesse had eight^(O) sons, and in Saul’s time he was very old. ¹³ Jesse’s three oldest sons had followed Saul to the war: The firstborn was Eliab;^(P) the second, Abinadab;^(Q) and the third, Shammah.^{(R) 14} David was the youngest. The three oldest followed Saul, ¹⁵ but David went back and forth from Saul to tend^(S) his father’s sheep^(T) at Bethlehem.

¹⁶ For forty days the Philistine came forward every morning and evening and took his stand.

¹⁷ Now Jesse said to his son David, “Take this ephah^[d](U) of roasted grain^(V) and these ten loaves of bread for your brothers and hurry to their camp. ¹⁸ Take along these ten cheeses to the commander of their unit. See how your brothers^(W) are and bring back some assurance^[e] from them. ¹⁹ They are with Saul and all the men of Israel in the Valley of Elah, fighting against the Philistines.”

²⁰ Early in the morning David left the flock in the care of a shepherd, loaded up and set out, as Jesse had directed. He reached the camp as the army was going out to its battle positions, shouting the war cry. ²¹ Israel and the Philistines were drawing up their lines facing each other. ²² David left his things with the keeper of supplies,^(X) ran to the battle lines and asked his brothers how they were. ²³ As he was talking with them, Goliath, the Philistine champion from Gath, stepped out from his lines and shouted his usual^(Y) defiance, and David heard it. ²⁴ Whenever the Israelites saw the man, they all fled from him in great fear.

²⁵ Now the Israelites had been saying, “Do you see how this man keeps coming out? He comes out to defy Israel. The king will give great wealth to the man who kills him. He will also give him his daughter^(Z) in marriage and will exempt his family from taxes^(AA) in Israel.”

²⁶ David asked the men standing near him, “What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and removes this disgrace^(AB) from Israel? Who is this uncircumcised^(AC) Philistine that he should defy^(AD) the armies of the living^(AE) God?”

²⁷ They repeated to him what they had been saying and told him, “This is what will be done for the man who kills him.”

²⁸ When Eliab, David’s oldest brother, heard him speaking with the men, he burned with anger^(AF) at him and asked, “Why have you come down here? And with whom did you leave those few sheep in the wilderness? I know how conceited you are and how wicked your heart is; you came down only to watch the battle.”

²⁹ “Now what have I done?” said David. “Can’t I even speak?” ³⁰ He then turned away to someone else and brought up the same matter, and the men answered him as before. ³¹ What David said was overheard and reported to Saul, and Saul sent for him.

³² David said to Saul, “Let no one lose heart^(AG) on account of this Philistine; your servant will go and fight him.”

³³ Saul replied,^(AH) “You are not able to go out against this Philistine and fight him; you are only a young man, and he has been a warrior from his youth.”

³⁴ But David said to Saul, “Your servant has been keeping his father’s sheep. When a lion^(AI) or a bear came and carried off a sheep from the flock, ³⁵ I went after it, struck it and rescued the sheep from its mouth. When it turned on me, I seized^(AJ) it by its hair, struck it and killed it. ³⁶ Your servant has killed both the lion^(AK) and the bear; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, because he has defied the armies of the living God. ³⁷ The Lord who rescued^(AL) me from the paw of the lion^(AM) and the paw of the bear will rescue me from the hand of this Philistine.”

Saul said to David, “Go, and the Lord be with^(AN) you.”

³⁸ Then Saul dressed David in his own^(AO) tunic. He put a coat of armor on him and a bronze helmet on his head. ³⁹ David fastened on his sword over the tunic and tried walking around, because he was not used to them.

“I cannot go in these,” he said to Saul, “because I am not used to them.” So he took them off. ⁴⁰ Then he took his staff in his hand, chose five smooth stones from the stream, put them in the pouch of his shepherd’s bag and, with his sling in his hand, approached the Philistine.

⁴¹ Meanwhile, the Philistine, with his shield bearer^(AP) in front of him, kept coming closer to David. ⁴² He looked David over and saw that he was little more than a boy, glowing with health and handsome,^(AQ) and he despised^(AR) him. ⁴³ He said to David, “Am I a dog,^(AS) that you come at me with sticks?” And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. ⁴⁴ “Come here,” he said, “and I’ll give your flesh to the birds^(AT) and the wild animals!^(AU)”

⁴⁵ David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin,^(AV) but I come against you in the name^(AW) of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.^{(AX) 46} This day the Lord will deliver^(AY) you into my hands, and I’ll strike you down and cut off your head. This very day I will give the carcasses^(AZ) of the Philistine army to the birds and the wild animals, and the whole world^(BA) will know that there is a God in Israel.^{(BB) 47} All those gathered here will know that it is not by sword^(BC) or spear that the Lord saves;^(BD) for the battle^(BE) is the Lord’s, and he will give all of you into our hands.”

⁴⁸ As the Philistine moved closer to attack him, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet him. ⁴⁹ Reaching into his bag and taking out a stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground.

⁵⁰ So David triumphed over the Philistine with a sling^(BF) and a stone; without a sword in his hand he struck down the Philistine and killed him.

⁵¹ David ran and stood over him. He took hold of the Philistine’s sword and drew it from the sheath. After he killed him, he cut^(BG) off his head with the sword.^(BH)

When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they turned and ran. ⁵² Then the men of Israel and Judah surged forward with a shout and pursued the Philistines to the entrance of Gath^[f] and to the gates of Ekron.^(BI) Their dead were strewn along the Shaaraim^(BJ) road to Gath and Ekron. ⁵³ When the Israelites returned from chasing the Philistines, they plundered their camp.

⁵⁴ David took the Philistine’s head and brought it to Jerusalem; he put the Philistine’s weapons in his own tent.

⁵⁵ As Saul watched David^(BK) going out to meet the Philistine, he said to Abner, commander of the army, “Abner,^(BL) whose son is that young man?”

Abner replied, “As surely as you live, Your Majesty, I don’t know.”

⁵⁶ The king said, “Find out whose son this young man is.”

⁵⁷ As soon as David returned from killing the Philistine, Abner took him and brought him before Saul, with David still holding the Philistine’s head.

⁵⁸ “Whose son are you, young man?” Saul asked him.

David said, “I am the son of your servant Jesse^(BM) of Bethlehem.”

Saul’s Growing Fear of David

18 After David had finished talking with Saul, Jonathan^(BN) became one in spirit with David, and he loved^(BO) him as himself.^{(BP) 2} From that day Saul kept David with him and did not let him return home to his family. ³ And Jonathan made a covenant^(BQ) with David because he loved him as himself. ⁴ Jonathan took off the robe^(BR) he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his tunic, and even his sword, his bow and his belt.^(BS)

⁵ Whatever mission Saul sent him on, David was so successful^(BT) that Saul gave him a high rank in the army.^(BU) This pleased all the troops, and Saul’s officers as well.

⁶ When the men were returning home after David had killed the Philistine, the women came out from all the towns of Israel to meet King Saul with singing and dancing,^(BV) with joyful songs and with timbrels^(BW) and lyres. ⁷ As they danced, they sang:^(BX)

⁸ Saul was very angry; this refrain displeased him greatly. “They have credited David with tens of thousands,” he thought, “but me with only thousands. What more can he get but the kingdom?^(BZ)” ⁹ And from that time on Saul kept a close^(CA) eye on David.

¹⁰ The next day an evil^[g] spirit^(CB) from God came forcefully on Saul. He was prophesying in his house, while David was playing the lyre,^(CC) as he usually^(CD) did. Saul had a spear^(CE) in his hand ¹¹ and he hurled it, saying to himself,^(CF) “I’ll pin David to the wall.” But David eluded^(CG) him twice.^(CH)

¹² Saul was afraid^(CI) of David, because the Lord^(CJ) was with^(CK) David but had departed from^(CL) Saul. ¹³ So he sent David away from him and gave him command over a thousand men, and David led^(CM) the troops in their campaigns.^{(CN) 14} In everything he did he had great success,^(CO) because the Lord was with^(CP) him. ¹⁵ When Saul saw how successful he was, he was afraid of him. ¹⁶ But all Israel and Judah loved David, because he led them in their campaigns.^(CQ)

¹⁷ Saul said to David, “Here is my older daughter^(CR) Merab. I will give her to you in marriage;^(CS) only serve me bravely and fight the battles^(CT) of the Lord.” For Saul said to himself,^(CU) “I will not raise a hand against him. Let the Philistines do that!”

¹⁸ But David said to Saul, “Who am I,^(CV) and what is my family or my clan in Israel, that I should become the king’s son-in-law?^(CW)” ¹⁹ So^[h] when the time came for Merab,^(CX) Saul’s daughter, to be given to David, she was given in marriage to Adriel of Meholah.^(CY)

²⁰ Now Saul’s daughter Michal^(CZ) was in love with David, and when they told Saul about it, he was pleased.^{(DA) 21} “I will give her to him,” he thought, “so that she may be a snare^(DB) to him and so that the hand of the Philistines may be against him.” So Saul said to David, “Now you have a second opportunity to become my son-in-law.”

²² Then Saul ordered his attendants: “Speak to David privately and say, ‘Look, the king likes you, and his attendants all love you; now become his son-in-law.’”

²³ They repeated these words to David. But David said, “Do you think it is a small matter to become the king’s son-in-law?^(DC) I’m only a poor man and little known.”

²⁴ When Saul’s servants told him what David had said, ²⁵ Saul replied, “Say to David, ‘The king wants no other price^(DD) for the bride than a hundred Philistine foreskins, to take revenge^(DE) on his enemies.’” Saul’s plan^(DF) was to have David fall by the hands of the Philistines.

²⁶ When the attendants told David these things, he was pleased to become the king’s son-in-law. So before the allotted time elapsed, ²⁷ David took his men with him and went out and killed two hundred Philistines and brought back their foreskins. They counted out the full number to the king so that David might become the king’s son-in-law. Then Saul gave him his daughter Michal^(DG) in marriage.

²⁸ When Saul realized that the Lord was with David and that his daughter Michal^(DH) loved David, ²⁹ Saul became still more afraid^(DI) of him, and he remained his enemy the rest of his days.

³⁰ The Philistine commanders continued to go out to battle, and as often as they did, David met with more success^(DJ) than the rest of Saul’s officers, and his name became well known.

Saul Tries to Kill David

19 Saul told his son Jonathan^(DK) and all the attendants to kill^(DL) David. But Jonathan had taken a great liking to David ² and warned him, “My father Saul is looking for a chance to kill you. Be on your guard tomorrow morning; go into hiding^(DM) and stay there. ³ I will go out and stand with my father in the field where you are. I’ll speak^(DN) to him about you and will tell you what I find out.”

⁴ Jonathan spoke^(DO) well of David to Saul his father and said to him, “Let not the king do wrong^(DP) to his servant David; he has not wronged you, and what he has done has benefited you greatly. ⁵ He took his life^(DQ) in his hands when he killed the Philistine. The Lord won a great victory^(DR) for all Israel, and you saw it and were glad. Why then would you do wrong to an innocent^(DS) man like David by killing him for no reason?”

⁶ Saul listened to Jonathan and took this oath: “As surely as the Lord lives, David will not be put to death.”

⁷ So Jonathan called David and told him the whole conversation. He brought him to Saul, and David was with Saul as before.^(DT)

⁸ Once more war broke out, and David went out and fought the Philistines. He struck them with such force that they fled before him.

⁹ But an evil^[i] spirit^(DU) from the Lord came on Saul as he was sitting in his house with his spear in his hand. While David was playing the lyre,^{(DV) 10} Saul tried to pin him to the wall with his spear, but David eluded^(DW) him as Saul drove the spear into the wall. That night David made good his escape.

¹¹ Saul sent men to David’s house to watch^(DX) it and to kill him in the morning.^(DY) But Michal, David’s wife, warned him, “If you don’t run for your life tonight, tomorrow you’ll be killed.” ¹² So Michal let David down through a window,^(DZ) and he fled and escaped. ¹³ Then Michal took an idol^(EA) and laid it on the bed, covering it with a garment and putting some goats’ hair at the head.

¹⁴ When Saul sent the men to capture David, Michal said,^(EB) “He is ill.”

¹⁵ Then Saul sent the men back to see David and told them, “Bring him up to me in his bed so that I may kill him.” ¹⁶ But when the men entered, there was the idol in the bed, and at the head was some goats’ hair.

¹⁷ Saul said to Michal, “Why did you deceive me like this and send my enemy away so that he escaped?”

Michal told him, “He said to me, ‘Let me get away. Why should I kill you?’”

¹⁸ When David had fled and made his escape, he went to Samuel at Ramah^(EC) and told him all that Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel went to Naioth and stayed there. ¹⁹ Word came to Saul: “David is in Naioth at Ramah”; ²⁰ so he sent men to capture him. But when they saw a group of prophets^(ED) prophesying, with Samuel standing there as their leader, the Spirit of God came on^(EE) Saul’s men, and they also prophesied.^{(EF) 21} Saul was told about it, and he sent more men, and they prophesied too. Saul sent men a third time, and they also prophesied. ²² Finally, he himself left for Ramah and went to the great cistern at Seku. And he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?”

“Over in Naioth at Ramah,” they said.

²³ So Saul went to Naioth at Ramah. But the Spirit of God came even on him, and he walked along prophesying^(EG) until he came to Naioth. ²⁴ He stripped^(EH) off his garments, and he too prophesied in Samuel’s^(EI) presence. He lay naked all that day and all that night. This is why people say, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”^(EJ)

Dispute Over Who Jesus Is

²¹ Once more Jesus said to them, “I am going away, and you will look for me, and you will die^(A) in your sin. Where I go, you cannot come.”^(B)

²² This made the Jews ask, “Will he kill himself? Is that why he says, ‘Where I go, you cannot come’?”

²³ But he continued, “You are from below; I am from above. You are of this world; I am not of this world.^{(C) 24} I told you that you would die in your sins; if you do not believe that I am he,^(D) you will indeed die in your sins.”

²⁵ “Who are you?” they asked.

“Just what I have been telling you from the beginning,” Jesus replied. ²⁶ “I have much to say in judgment of you. But he who sent me is trustworthy,^(E) and what I have heard from him I tell the world.”^(F)

²⁷ They did not understand that he was telling them about his Father. ²⁸ So Jesus said, “When you have lifted up^[a] the Son of Man,^(G) then you will know that I am he and that I do nothing on my own but speak just what the Father has taught me.^{(H) 29} The one who sent me is with me; he has not left me alone,^(I) for I always do what pleases him.”^{(J) 30} Even as he spoke, many believed in him.^(K)

Dispute Over Whose Children Jesus’ Opponents Are

³¹ To the Jews who had believed him, Jesus said, “If you hold to my teaching,^(L) you are really my disciples. ³² Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.”^(M)

³³ They answered him, “We are Abraham’s descendants^(N) and have never been slaves of anyone. How can you say that we shall be set free?”

³⁴ Jesus replied, “Very truly I tell you, everyone who sins is a slave to sin.^{(O) 35} Now a slave has no permanent place in the family, but a son belongs to it forever.^{(P) 36} So if the Son sets you free,^(Q) you will be free indeed. ³⁷ I know that you are Abraham’s descendants. Yet you are looking for a way to kill me,^(R) because you have no room for my word. ³⁸ I am telling you what I have seen in the Father’s presence,^(S) and you are doing what you have heard from your father.^[b]”^(T)

³⁹ “Abraham is our father,” they answered.

“If you were Abraham’s children,”^(U) said Jesus, “then you would^[c] do what Abraham did. ⁴⁰ As it is, you are looking for a way to kill me,^(V) a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God.^(W) Abraham did not do such things. ⁴¹ You are doing the works of your own father.”^(X)

“We are not illegitimate children,” they protested. “The only Father we have is God himself.”^(Y)

⁴² Jesus said to them, “If God were your Father, you would love me,^(Z) for I have come here from God.^(AA) I have not come on my own;^(AB) God sent me.^{(AC) 43} Why is my language not clear to you? Because you are unable to hear what I say. ⁴⁴ You belong to your father, the devil,^(AD) and you want to carry out your father’s desires.^(AE) He was a murderer from the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the father of lies.^{(AF) 45} Yet because I tell the truth,^(AG) you do not believe me! ⁴⁶ Can any of you prove me guilty of sin? If I am telling the truth, why don’t you believe me? ⁴⁷ Whoever belongs to God hears what God says.^(AH) The reason you do not hear is that you do not belong to God.”

Jesus’ Claims About Himself

⁴⁸ The Jews answered him, “Aren’t we right in saying that you are a Samaritan^(AI) and demon-possessed?”^(AJ)

⁴⁹ “I am not possessed by a demon,” said Jesus, “but I honor my Father and you dishonor me. ⁵⁰ I am not seeking glory for myself;^(AK) but there is one who seeks it, and he is the judge. ⁵¹ Very truly I tell you, whoever obeys my word will never see death.”^(AL)

⁵² At this they exclaimed, “Now we know that you are demon-possessed!^(AM) Abraham died and so did the prophets, yet you say that whoever obeys your word will never taste death. ⁵³ Are you greater than our father Abraham?^(AN) He died, and so did the prophets. Who do you think you are?”

⁵⁴ Jesus replied, “If I glorify myself,^(AO) my glory means nothing. My Father, whom you claim as your God, is the one who glorifies me.^{(AP) 55} Though you do not know him,^(AQ) I know him.^(AR) If I said I did not, I would be a liar like you, but I do know him and obey his word.^{(AS) 56} Your father Abraham^(AT) rejoiced at the thought of seeing my day; he saw it^(AU) and was glad.”

⁵⁷ “You are not yet fifty years old,” they said to him, “and you have seen Abraham!”

⁵⁸ “Very truly I tell you,” Jesus answered, “before Abraham was born,^(AV) I am!”^{(AW) 59} At this, they picked up stones to stone him,^(AX) but Jesus hid himself,^(AY) slipping away from the temple grounds.

Dispute Over Who Jesus Is

²¹ Once more Jesus said to them, “I am going away, and you will look for me, and you will die^(A) in your sin. Where I go, you cannot come.”^(B)

²² This made the Jews ask, “Will he kill himself? Is that why he says, ‘Where I go, you cannot come’?”

²³ But he continued, “You are from below; I am from above. You are of this world; I am not of this world.^{(C) 24} I told you that you would die in your sins; if you do not believe that I am he,^(D) you will indeed die in your sins.”

²⁵ “Who are you?” they asked.

“Just what I have been telling you from the beginning,” Jesus replied. ²⁶ “I have much to say in judgment of you. But he who sent me is trustworthy,^(E) and what I have heard from him I tell the world.”^(F)

²⁷ They did not understand that he was telling them about his Father. ²⁸ So Jesus said, “When you have lifted up^[a] the Son of Man,^(G) then you will know that I am he and that I do nothing on my own but speak just what the Father has taught me.^{(H) 29} The one who sent me is with me; he has not left me alone,^(I) for I always do what pleases him.”^{(J) 30} Even as he spoke, many believed in him.^(K)

Dispute Over Whose Children Jesus’ Opponents Are

³¹ To the Jews who had believed him, Jesus said, “If you hold to my teaching,^(L) you are really my disciples. ³² Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.”^(M)

³³ They answered him, “We are Abraham’s descendants^(N) and have never been slaves of anyone. How can you say that we shall be set free?”

³⁴ Jesus replied, “Very truly I tell you, everyone who sins is a slave to sin.^{(O) 35} Now a slave has no permanent place in the family, but a son belongs to it forever.^{(P) 36} So if the Son sets you free,^(Q) you will be free indeed. ³⁷ I know that you are Abraham’s descendants. Yet you are looking for a way to kill me,^(R) because you have no room for my word. ³⁸ I am telling you what I have seen in the Father’s presence,^(S) and you are doing what you have heard from your father.^[b]”^(T)

³⁹ “Abraham is our father,” they answered.

“If you were Abraham’s children,”^(U) said Jesus, “then you would^[c] do what Abraham did. ⁴⁰ As it is, you are looking for a way to kill me,^(V) a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God.^(W) Abraham did not do such things. ⁴¹ You are doing the works of your own father.”^(X)

“We are not illegitimate children,” they protested. “The only Father we have is God himself.”^(Y)

⁴² Jesus said to them, “If God were your Father, you would love me,^(Z) for I have come here from God.^(AA) I have not come on my own;^(AB) God sent me.^{(AC) 43} Why is my language not clear to you? Because you are unable to hear what I say. ⁴⁴ You belong to your father, the devil,^(AD) and you want to carry out your father’s desires.^(AE) He was a murderer from the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the father of lies.^{(AF) 45} Yet because I tell the truth,^(AG) you do not believe me! ⁴⁶ Can any of you prove me guilty of sin? If I am telling the truth, why don’t you believe me? ⁴⁷ Whoever belongs to God hears what God says.^(AH) The reason you do not hear is that you do not belong to God.”

Jesus’ Claims About Himself

⁴⁸ The Jews answered him, “Aren’t we right in saying that you are a Samaritan^(AI) and demon-possessed?”^(AJ)

⁴⁹ “I am not possessed by a demon,” said Jesus, “but I honor my Father and you dishonor me. ⁵⁰ I am not seeking glory for myself;^(AK) but there is one who seeks it, and he is the judge. ⁵¹ Very truly I tell you, whoever obeys my word will never see death.”^(AL)

⁵² At this they exclaimed, “Now we know that you are demon-possessed!^(AM) Abraham died and so did the prophets, yet you say that whoever obeys your word will never taste death. ⁵³ Are you greater than our father Abraham?^(AN) He died, and so did the prophets. Who do you think you are?”

⁵⁴ Jesus replied, “If I glorify myself,^(AO) my glory means nothing. My Father, whom you claim as your God, is the one who glorifies me.^{(AP) 55} Though you do not know him,^(AQ) I know him.^(AR) If I said I did not, I would be a liar like you, but I do know him and obey his word.^{(AS) 56} Your father Abraham^(AT) rejoiced at the thought of seeing my day; he saw it^(AU) and was glad.”

⁵⁷ “You are not yet fifty years old,” they said to him, “and you have seen Abraham!”

⁵⁸ “Very truly I tell you,” Jesus answered, “before Abraham was born,^(AV) I am!”^{(AW) 59} At this, they picked up stones to stone him,^(AX) but Jesus hid himself,^(AY) slipping away from the temple grounds.