ESV Reformation Study Bible – Zech 1:18–21
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Zech 1:18–21

1:18–21 The second vision focuses on the four horns. The “horn” was a symbol of power and pride in the ancient Near East (Ps. 75:4, 5). This vision is the counterpart of the first: Zion will be rebuilt and the nations destroyed. The identification of the four horns could be the same as those of Daniel’s prophecies (Dan. 2:36–45; 7:17–28), and so correspond either to Babylonia, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome, or to Assyria, Babylon, Egypt, and Persia (10:10, 11). The horns could also have a greater significance and refer to “the four corners of the earth” (Rev. 20:8).