11 way of Cain. See Gen. 4:1–15; Heb. 11:4; 1 John 3:12. According to Jewish tradition, to which Jude may be referring, Cain was the archetypal sinner and the instructor of others in sin.

Balaam’s error. See note 2 Pet. 2:15.

Korah’s rebellion. Korah, along with Dathan and Abiram, led 250 men in rebellion against the authority of Moses and Aaron (Num. 16). Korah’s rebellion and the resulting divine judgment provide an apt parallel to the defiance of the false teachers against church authority and the false teachers’ dangerous ability to lead others astray, as well as a graphic illustration of the divine judgment awaiting the false teachers (Num. 16:31–33).